Many new parents are surprised to learn that baby bottle nipples aren't one size fits all. Instead, there are multiple nipple “levels” that correlate with your baby's age, feeding needs, and desired milk flow. Knowing when to size up or size down can be a bit confusing, so we compiled this guide to understanding baby bottle nipple sizes and levels.
What Are Nipple Levels?
Nipple levels correlate to the nipple's flow rate—that is, how quickly the milk will flow out of the bottle and through the nipple to your baby. Manufacturers typically categorize nipple levels by age, and you can usually find this information on the product packaging. But just like baby clothing sizes, the nipple level your baby actually needs may not match their age.
Here's a general baby bottle nipple size chart. Note that the exact levels might vary between brands:
Level 0: PreemieLevel 1: Newborn (0-3 months)Level 2: Babies 3-6 monthsLevel 3: Babies 6 months and olderLevel 4: Babies 9 months and older
Young babies take in smaller amounts of milk at a time, so they need nipples with a slower flow. These "level one" nipples tend to mimic breastfeeding because they require similar muscles. As babies grow, they drink more milk at a quicker pace, so they usually upgrade to nipples with a quicker flow.
The age ranges associated with each level are just a guide. Some babies—such as those with special needs—require different flow at ages outside of what's recommended. And breastfeeding babies will probably need to start with a low-flow nipple no matter what age they are (more on that later).
Also note that flow rates can vary between different types of nipples, according to studies. What's more, the flow rate might also be affected by outside factors, such as the type of infant formula you're using, and thickening of the formula.
Picking the Best Newborn Baby Bottle
Why Proper Nipple Sizes Are Important
The wrong nipple size can make your baby eat too quickly or slowly, leading to problems during feeding. For example, a baby might get frustrated by a too-small nipple and not eat enough. Nipples that are too big can cause gagging, spitting up, coughing, or digestive issues.
When to Switch Nipple Sizes
Nipple levels correlate with age, but it's important to note that every baby is different. Some newborns benefit from faster flow (especially if they eat aggressively), while some older babies might prefer a slower passage of milk. Here are the signs it's time to switch bottle nipple sizes.
Signs your baby needs to level up
Your baby is sucking fiercely during feedings (the nipple may invert from the force), they appear frustrated, or mealtime is taking much longer than before. They might also fall asleep at the bottle or tug on the nipple. Sometimes babies with too-slow nipples eat small amounts at feedings but show signs of hunger soon afterward.
Signs your baby needs to level down
If the flow is too quick, you'll likely notice milk spilling out of your baby's mouth during feedings. They might also gag, spit up, gulp, swallow forcefully, cough, or turn away from the bottle. Sometimes a too-fast nipple results in digestive issues because the baby drinks too quickly; in this case, your little one might become squirmy or uncomfortable after mealtime because of built-up gas bubbles.
When Do Babies Hold Their Bottle?
It's important to note that these signs don't always indicate problems with your bottle nipple size. Fussiness during feedings could also result from gas or distaste for what's in the bottle (for example, you're using a new formula, or you're pumping and ate something different). What's more, your baby might simply not like the nipple; if you suspect this, try nipples with different materials, shapes, or features.
Bottle Nipple Sizes for Breastfed Babies
If you're introducing bottles to a breastfed baby, the guidelines are a little different. To prevent nipple confusion—and to reduce the risk that your baby will become too attached to the bottle—it's best to start at “level one” nipples, no matter your baby's age. These slow-flow nipples require the same effort as breastfeeding.
Nipples with a faster flow might make it too easy to get milk, says New York-based lactation consultant Leigh Anne O'Connor. Your baby could start refusing the boob—because why would they want to breastfeed if the bottle gives them more milk with less effort?
The Most Lifelike Bottles for Breastfed Babies
Some breastfed babies will never move up a nipple size. Still, pay attention to your little one's cues, and level up if it seems right (which may be called for if the nursing parent has a fast letdown or breast milk flow).
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